Cov Khoom Siv Yeeb Nkab Hlau Tsis Muaj Hlau: Hom, Siv thiab Cov Txiaj Ntsig Tseem Ceeb

Kev Taw Qhia

Cov khoom siv yeeb nkab feem ntau txiav txim siab seb lub kaw lus yeeb nkab puas tseem ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhov siab, qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, thiab cov xwm txheej corrosive. Cov khoom siv hlau tsis xeb yog siv dav vim tias lawv ua ke lub zog kho tshuab nrog kev tiv thaiv ntev rau oxidation, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab kev ua qias tuaj ntsig txog kev huv. Tsab xov xwm no piav qhia txog cov hom khoom siv tseem ceeb, qhov twg lawv feem ntau siv, thiab vim li cas kev xaiv cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam, kev lag luam, thiab kev siv huv. Nws kuj tseem hais txog cov txiaj ntsig zoo xws li kev tiv thaiv kev xau, kev ruaj khov, kev ntxuav, thiab kev saib xyuas tsawg dua, pab cov nyeem ntawv nkag siab tias qhov khoom siv zoo txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem tswj dej kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua.

Vim li cas cov yeeb nkab stainless hlau thiaj tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam

Hauv txhua lub tshuab ua kua dej hauv kev lag luam, cov kav dej ncaj tsis tshua ua rau mob taub hau tshaj plaws. Qhov tsis zoo tiag tiag yog nyob ntawm cov pob qij txha, qhov tig, thiab ceg. Cov yeeb nkab hlau tsis xeb ua haujlwm ua cov ntaub so ntswg tseem ceeb hauv cov kab ke no, tuav txhua yam ua ke thaum tswj cov kua dej ntws, kev hloov pauv siab, thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov qauv. Thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg hnyav, qhov kub thiab txias heev, lossis cov kev xav tau siab, cov hlau carbon lossis yas yuav tsis txiav nws.

Cov kws ua vaj tse thiab cov neeg tsim qauv siv hlau tsis xeb ntau vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo uas kwv yees tau. Txawm hais tias lub kaw lus ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv 150 PSI lossis thawb dhau 6,000 PSI hauv cov kab hydraulic siab, qhov sib txuas stainless zoo ua kom lub kaw lus tseem kaw thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Kev nkag siab txog cov khoom no ua haujlwm li cas ntawm qib granular yog thawj kauj ruam rau kev tsim cov kav dej uas kav ntev ntau xyoo es tsis yog ntau lub hlis.

Kev cuam tshuam rau kev pheej hmoo ntawm xeb

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov hlau tsis xeb tsis xeb tau raug xaiv dua li cov hlau pheej yig dua yog nws txoj kev tiv taus oxidation thiab kev tawm tsam tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov kev tiv thaiv no los ntawm ib txheej chromium oxide me me, uas kho tau tus kheej (feem ntau yog 1 txog 3 nanometers tuab) uas tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau. Tsuav yog muaj oxygen, txheej passive no rov tsim dua yog tias khawb lossis tshuab.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xeb tsis tshua muaj xoom. Hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm, kev tawm tsam hauv zos xws li kev xeb pitting lossis kev xeb tawg yog qhov txaus ntshai tas li, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw muaj chloride ntau. Rau kev tiv thaiv hauv paus hauv cov chaw zoo, cov hlau tsis xeb txheem muaj kev xeb tsawg dua 0.002 ntiv tes ib xyoos. Tab sis thaum cuam tshuam nrog dej brackish lossis kev ua tshuaj lom neeg, cov engineers feem ntau saib ntawm Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN). PREN ntawm ntau dua 23 feem ntau yog qhov yuav tsum tau los txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xeb hauv cov dej hiav txwv yooj yim lossis cov ntawv thov chloride siab, qhia txog qib alloy tshwj xeeb uas xav tau rau cov khoom siv.

Cov lag luam uas vam khom lawv

Cov lag luam sib txawv xav tau cov khoom siv hlau tsis xeb rau ntau yam laj thawj sib txawv. Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj, dej haus, thiab tshuaj, kev huv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov chaw no xav tau cov khoom siv huv nrog cov khoom tiav sab hauv uas ci ntsa iab - feem ntau teev nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov roughness (Ra) tsawg dua 0.8 micrometers - los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab tso cai rau cov txheej txheem Clean-in-Place (CIP).

Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov chaw ua roj av, roj thiab roj av, thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob vam khom cov hlau tsis xeb rau nws lub zog kho tshuab thaum kub heev. Lub chaw ua roj av yuav siv cov khoom siv hlau hnyav (Schedule 160) los tswj cov txheej txheem hydrocarbon ntawm 800 ° F thiab cov siab tshaj 3,000 PSI, thaum lub chaw cryogenic LNG vam khom cov khoom siv tib yam vim tias cov hlau tsis xeb khaws nws cov tawv (feem ntau tswj lub zog cuam tshuam siab dua 40 Joules) thiab tsis ua brittle ntawm -320 ° F. Cov chaw kho dej thiab desalination kuj siv cov khoom siv no ntau heev los tawm tsam qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem osmosis rov qab, uas feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm 800 thiab 1,200 PSI.

Hom ntawm cov yeeb nkab tsis xeb

Cov khoom siv yeeb nkab ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb tsis yog ib yam khoom uas siv tau rau txhua yam. Lawv yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb uas tsim los ua cov haujlwm geometric thiab mechanical hauv ib lub raj xa dej. Qhov loj me tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv me me 1/8-nti mus txog rau cov khoom loj 24-nti lossis loj dua uas siv rau hauv cov kav dej loj hauv kev lag luam hnyav.

Feem ntau kev faib cov khoom siv no yog raws li ob yam tseem ceeb: qhov khoom siv ua rau cov kua dej ntws li cas, thiab nws txuas nrog cov kav dej sib ze li cas. Kev sib xyaw hom kev sib txuas lossis geometry tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txwv tsis pub ntws, kev poob siab, lossis kev xau dej loj heev.

Cov khoom siv rau kev hloov pauv kev taw qhia, kev ceg ntoo, thiab kev txo qis

Cov khoom siv uas hloov kev taw qhia, ceg tawm, lossis hloov qhov loj ntawm cov yeeb nkab yog feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv yeeb nkab. Lub luj tshib yog qhov feem ntau, feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv 45-degree thiab 90-degree lub kaum sab xis, tso cai rau cov yeeb nkab hla kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv. Lub luj tshib ntev (qhov twg lub vojvoog ntawm kab nruab nrab yog 1.5 npaug ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov yeeb nkab nominal) feem ntau nyiam kom txo qhov kev poob siab ntawm kev sib txhuam, thaum lub luj tshib luv luv (1.0 npaug ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov yeeb nkab nominal) yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw nruj.

Thaum ib txoj kab xav tau kev faib lossis sib koom ua ke, cov tees thiab cov kab hla raug siv. Cov tees muab ib ceg 90-degree ntawm qhov khiav tseem ceeb, thiab cov kab hla tso cai rau plaub txoj kev sib tshuam, txawm hais tias lawv tsis tshua muaj vim yog cov ntsiab lus nyuaj uas lawv tsim. Thaum kawg, cov reducers hloov cov kav dej los ntawm txoj kab uas hla loj dua mus rau ib qho me dua. Cov concentric reducers yog symmetrical thiab siv rau hauv kev khiav ntsug, thaum cov eccentric reducers muaj ib sab tiaj tus, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev khiav kab rov tav kom tiv thaiv cov pa lossis cov pa roj los ntawm kev tsim ntawm sab saum toj ntawm cov kav dej.

Threaded, socket weld, butt weld, thiab compression kev sib txuas

Txoj kev siv los txuas lub fitting rau lub yeeb nkab kuj tseem ceeb ib yam li lub fitting lub duab. Cov kev sib txuas uas muaj xov, feem ntau muaj National Pipe Thread (NPT), yog ib qho uas siv rau cov yeeb nkab me me (feem ntau yog 2 nti thiab qis dua). Lawv yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa thiab rhuav tshem tab sis yooj yim rau kev xau hauv qhov chaw muaj kev co siab lossis qhov kub thiab txias.

Cov khoom siv vuam qhov (socket weld fittings) suav nrog kev ntxig cov yeeb nkab rau hauv thaj chaw recessed ntawm qhov fitting thiab siv cov fillet weld nyob ib puag ncig sab nraud. Qhov no muab cov pob qij txha muaj zog dua, tsis xau piv rau cov xov, feem ntau siv rau hauv cov kab txog li 4 ntiv tes. Cov khoom siv vuam qhov (butt weld fittings), ntawm qhov tod tes, xav kom cov yeeb nkab thiab cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau beveled meej (feem ntau ntawm lub kaum sab xis 37.5-degree) thiab vuam kawg-rau-kawg. Qhov no yog tus qauv kub rau cov yeeb nkab siab, loj-txoj kab uas hla (Daim Ntawv Teev Npe 10 txog 160) vim nws muab cov dej ntws sab hauv du thiab cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws.

Cov khoom siv sib txuassiv lub ferrule system uas tom rau hauv lub raj thaum lub txiv ntoo raug nruj. Cov no yuav luag tsuas yog siv rau cov kab ntsuas phab ntsa nyias, feem ntau yog 1 nti lossis me dua, uas tso cai rau kev sib dhos sai yam tsis tas yuav siv cov khoom siv vuam.

Kev sib piv ntawm lub peev xwm siab thiab kev ntxuav tau

Kev xaiv ntawm cov hom no yuav tsum tau sib npaug qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom siab nrog rau kev saib xyuas thiab kev tu kom huv. Kev sib txuas xov yuav pheej yig thiab yooj yim, tab sis qhov sib txawv me me hauv cov xov yog cov ntxiab rau cov kab mob thiab cov xov xwm corrosive.

Raws li lub rooj qhia, cov tshuab ua haujlwm siab siab feem ntau siv cov qhov (socket) thiab cov qhov (butt welds), thaum cov kev siv huv tso tseg cov peev xwm siab siab rau qhov huv siab ntawm cov khoom siv clamp tshwj xeeb.

Yuav ua li cas los ntsuam xyuas cov khoom siv yeeb nkab stainless hlau

Kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom siv yeeb nkab ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb yuav tsum tau saib dhau qhov ci ntsa iab sab nraud thiab khawb rau hauv cov lus qhia txog hlau thiab qhov ntev. Ib qho khoom siv yuav zoo nkaus li zoo meej ntawm lub txee, tab sis yog tias nws lub sijhawm, alloy, lossis chav kawm siab tsis sib haum nrog qhov xav tau ntawm lub kaw lus, nws dhau los ua qhov kev lav phib xaub tam sim ntawd.

Cov kws ua vaj tse thiab cov pab pawg yuav khoom yuav tsum sib piv cov khoom siv nrog rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm uas xav tau kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau ntev. Qhov no txhais tau tias yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qib, cov qauv tsim khoom, thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas ua pov thawj tias qhov haum yog qhov uas cov chaw tsim khoom hais tias nws yog.

Xaiv 304 vs 316 stainless hlau

Kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm 304 thiab 316 stainless hlau yog qhov kev txiav txim siab siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov kav dej. Qib 304 muaj kwv yees li 18% chromium thiab 8% nickel, ua rau nws yog ib qho chaw ua haujlwm zoo heev rau cov dej qab zib, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab cov chaw muaj tshuaj lom neeg me me.

Qib 316 siv qhov pib ntawd thiab ntxiv 2% txog 3% molybdenum. Qhov ntxiv me me ntawd ua rau cov hlau tsis kam rau chlorides thiab cov kuab tshuaj hauv kev lag luam. Yog tias cov kav dej khiav ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, kov cov ntsev de-icing, lossis nqa cov tshuaj lom neeg hnyav, 316 yog qhov kev xaiv txheem. Vim yog qhov ntxiv molybdenum thiab nickel, 316 fittings feem ntau raug nqi 20% txog 30% ntau dua li lawv cov 304 counterparts. Kev qhia meej "L" variant (zoo li 316L) kuj tseem ceeb rau cov fittings welded, vim tias cov ntsiab lus carbon qis dua (siab tshaj plaws 0.03%) tiv thaiv carbide precipitation thaum lub sijhawm vuam, tswj kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov pob qij txha.

Qhov ntev, cov sijhawm teem tseg, cov chav kawm siab, thiab cov qauv

Cov khoom siv sib txuas yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov qauv ntsuas thiab siab nruj kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib pauv thoob ntiaj teb. Cov khoom siv vuam feem ntau ua raws li ASME B16.9, uas hais txog qhov loj me, kev kam rau siab, thiab phab ntsa tuab. Lub phab ntsa tuab yog qhia los ntawm cov yeeb nkab "Schedule" - qhov loj me feem ntau suav nrog Schedule 10 (phab ntsa nyias, piv txwv li, 0.109 nti rau cov yeeb nkab 2-nti), Schedule 40 (tus qauv, 0.237 nti), thiab Schedule 80 (hnyav heev, 0.343 nti). Cov khoom siv sib txuas lub sijhawm yuav tsum phim cov yeeb nkab sib txuas kom tiv thaiv kev ntws tsis zoo thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog.

Cov khoom siv forged, uas suav nrog cov xov thiab cov hom vuam qhov (socket weld), poob rau hauv tus qauv ASME B16.11. Hloov chaw ntawm cov sijhawm teem tseg, cov no raug ntsuas los ntawm cov chav kawm siab: 3000 #, 6000 #, thiab 9000 #. Feem ntau 3000 # fitting yog khub nrog Schedule 80 yeeb nkab, thaum 6000 # fitting khub nrog Schedule 160. Kev siv cov chav kawm thiab cov sijhawm teem tseg tsis sib xws yog txoj kev ceev ceev mus rau qhov sib koom ua ke.

Kub, tshuaj lom neeg hauv xov xwm, qhov tiav ntawm qhov chaw, thiab kev taug qab

Txawm tias cov hlau sib xyaw thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm zoo kuj tseem ua tsis tau zoo yog tias tsis quav ntsej txog lwm yam tseem ceeb. Qhov kub thiab txias ua rau lub peev xwm siab ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb txo qis. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv 316 stainless hlau poob kwv yees li 20% ntawm nws lub peev xwm siab thaum ua haujlwm ntawm 400 ° F piv rau qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav, thiab yuav luag 40% ntawm 800 ° F. Cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov xov xwm kuj qhia txog qhov chaw tiav; cov khoom tiav kev lag luam feem ntau yog txij li Ra 3.2 txog 6.3 µm, thaum cov chaw ntxhib dua caw cov nplai sib sau ua ke thiab xeb hauv zos.

Thaum kawg, kev taug qab tsis tuaj yeem sib tham tau hauv cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb. Txhua qhovkev haum zooyuav tsum muaj Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ntsuas Khoom Siv (MTR) uas ua raws li EN 10204 3.1. Daim ntawv no qhia txog qhov kub ntawm cov hlau, qhia txog cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim tshuab los ntawm lub tshuab zeb. Yog tsis muaj MTR, qhov sib dhos yog cov hlau seem uas tsis paub meej hauv qhov muag ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam kev lag luam.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau cov khoom siv yeeb nkab stainless hlau zoo

Kev nrhiav cov khoom siv yeeb nkab stainless hlau tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj dua hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov khoom siv zoo, ua raws li txoj cai tag nrho thiab cov khoom cuav tsis zoo feem ntau tsis pom rau lub qhov muag liab qab. Kev cia siab rau tus neeg twv tus nqi qis tshaj plaws yog ib qho tswv yim txaus ntshai thaum cov txheej txheem ua tiav yog nyob rau ntawm kab.

Kev tsim kom muaj ib txoj kev npaj khoom zoo txhais tau tias yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov khoom xa tuaj, txij li lub tshuab zeb uas nchuav cov hlau nyoos mus rau lub chaw faib khoom uas khaws cov hlau luj tshib thiab cov hlau tees tiav lawm. Kev siv txoj hauv kev ua ntej los nrhiav khoom yuav tiv thaiv kev ncua sijhawm ntawm cov haujlwm kim heev thiab kev ua tsis tiav hauv thaj teb.

Cov chaw tsim khoom, cov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab cov neeg faib khoom uas tsim nyog

Kauj ruam thawj zaug hauv kev nrhiav khoom ruaj ntseg yog tsim kom muaj Daim Ntawv Teev Npe Chaw Tsim Khoom Pom Zoo (AML). Cov neeg yuav khoom muaj koob npe tsuas yog yuav txais cov khoom siv los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom uas tswj hwm cov ntawv pov thawj ISO 9001 thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv kev lag luam tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom (uas tsim cov yeeb nkab nyoos lossis billet) thiabcov chaw tsim khoom(uas forge, khoov, thiab tshuab cov khoom kawg).

Cov neeg faib khoom kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Tus neeg faib khoom theem ib yuav tshuaj xyuas lawv cov neeg koom tes tsim khoom tsis tu ncua thiab tswj cov txheej txheem cais tawm nruj rau cov khoom tsis ua raws li cov qauv. Thaum nrhiav khoom, nug cov neeg faib khoom txog lawv cov txheej txheem kev tsim nyog ntawm tus muag khoom; yog tias lawv yuav los ntawm lub khw qhib yam tsis tau kuaj xyuas qhov chaw pib, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tau txais cov hlau sib xyaw lossis tsis zoo yuav nce siab.

Kev tshuaj xyuas, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab cov kev kuaj xyuas

Kev ntseeg siab rau cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov zoo, tab sis kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom tiag tiag yog qhov zoo dua.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov yeeb nkab stainless hlau zoo

Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb

• Cov lus xaus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov laj thawj rau cov yeeb nkab tsis xeb
• Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, kev ua raws li txoj cai, thiab kev kuaj xyuas kev pheej hmoo uas tsim nyog lees paub ua ntej koj cog lus
• Cov kauj ruam tom ntej thiab cov lus ceeb toom uas cov nyeem ntawv tuaj yeem siv tau tam sim ntawd

Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau

Cov yeeb nkab stainless hlau siv rau dab tsi?

Lawv txuas, hloov pauv, ceg, lossis txo cov kav dej hauv cov txheej txheem tswj cov kua dej thaum pab tswj kev siab, kev sib khi, kev tiv thaiv xeb, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub kaw lus.

Cov hom hlau tsis xeb twg feem ntau yog siv?

Cov hom feem ntau suav nrog lub luj tshib, tees, reducers, crosses, couplings, unions, caps, plugs, flanges, thiab threaded lossis welded fittings.

Kuv yuav xaiv cov yeeb nkab stainless hlau li cas?

Txuas qhov sib phim kom haum rau qhov loj ntawm cov yeeb nkab, qhov ntsuas siab, qhov kub thiab txias, hom kua, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xeb, txoj kev txuas, thiab cov qauv kev lag luam siv tau.

Cov khoom siv hlau tsis xeb puas haum rau cov tshuab siab?

Yog, thaum tau teev tseg kom raug. Cov tshuab ua haujlwm siab yuav xav tau cov khoom siv phab ntsa hnyav, cov qib sib xyaw kom raug, thiab cov qib ntsuas tau txheeb xyuas rau qhov siab ua haujlwm.

Thaum twg yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv hlau tsis xeb 316?

Siv cov hlau tsis xeb 316 rau cov chaw muaj chloride ntau, dej hiav txwv, tshuaj lom neeg, lossis chaw nyob hnyav uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv pitting thiab corrosion zoo dua li 304.